What are the types of monuments?

In 1903, Alois Riegl, a famous Austrian art historian and one of the important figures in the history of architectural heritage protection, described this kind of monument in his famous "Modern Monument Worship: Its Origin and Development". Called "an intentional monument".
All kinds of statues, altars, mani piles, temples, churches, temples, etc., which were originally built as specific objects of worship and places of worship, are also intentional monuments, that is, the symbolism of "inner sanctuary and outer body". Monument (symbolic monument). Its original construction significance, the object of people's commemoration and worship lies in the specific "inner sage", rather than the "outer body" composed of material materials. The "outer body" is just a symbolic tool, carrier and medium of the "inner sage". it is not important. Even if people renovate and rebuild the body of this monument with completely different materials or forms for the original or changed purposes of commemoration and worship, its symbolic internal sacred meaning remains unchanged and even stronger. For example, the original intention of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome was mainly to highlight the burial place of St. Peter, to praise his achievements, the glory of the kingdom of heaven and the authority of the Holy See. Memorial monument. Therefore, when people in the Renaissance felt that the old St. Peter's Basilica built in the 4th century could no longer strongly express this symbolic connotation, they demolished the old St. Peter's Basilica that had existed for more than a thousand years without regret. St. Peter's Basilica, a reconstruction of St. Peter's Basilica as it is seen today, in a completely different scale, form and style.
In fact, before the end of the 18th century, before the emergence of modern awareness of architectural heritage protection, people have always regarded intentional monuments as symbols of other things that have nothing to do with the body itself, and dealt with them according to specific symbolic meanings. And to this day, this is still the case for many monuments that still have strong symbolic meanings, such as the continuous reshaping of the golden statues of gods in temples